The muscles of the forearm provide mobility to the hand and fingers. You can think of the thicker part of the triceps as a horseshoe shape… or a croissant, or a crescent! The flat part of the triceps (the tendon) is connected to the elbow.
To simplify the biceps, draw a stretched oval. This muscle is pretty deep down – I like to think of it as a divider between the biceps (located in the front), and the triceps (in the back). The base is planted in the collarbone and inserts itself into the humerus.įollowing the tip of the deltoid, we find the brachialis muscle. These are thick muscles and are shaped like upside-down triangles. This side view shows how the muscles (dorsal, obliques and serratus anterior) intertwine to create a zig-zag line (A). The obliques are located to the sides and above the hip bones. It has 3 intersections that separate the muscle into 4 areas on each side. In the center, we can find the rectus abdominis muscle, below the arch of the ribs all the way to the pubis. The linea alba (or white line) divides these muscles into two parts: The muscles of the abdomen are in charge of bending, tilting and rotating the trunk. The chest is flat at the top, but the breasts start from more or less the middle of the pectorals, as you can see in the following examples: The breasts do not start immediately from the collarbones (a common mistake). In the female body, the pectoral muscles are found behind the mammary glands. It is a very small detail, but nonetheless quite useful to identify the gap between the muscles. The infraclavicular fossa is the space between the pectorals and the deltoids. The pectorals are framed between the collarbones and the breastbone, the ends are attached to the humerus to allow the arms to rotate (one of its purposes). This muscle is shaped like a fan, but we can only see a part since it is overlapped by the pectorals, the obliques and dorsals.
The serratus anterior is pulled from the nine upper ribs into the scapula, providing stability and mobility to the bone. It’s a flat muscle which isn’t easily visible from the front, except for a small part under the arms. On the other hand, the dorsal muscle enters the humerus below the armpits, allowing the arms to extend and contract.
When the muscle is relaxed, you may see some of the bones in the spine sticking out (B). It becomes visible when you squeeze your shoulder blades together (A). In the cervical area, you will usually see a small indentation. When viewing from the front, this muscle draws the outline between the neck and the clavicles – to remember them, think of them as a couple of triangles! The trapezius enters the spine of the shoulder blade and the collarbones (or clavicles). It is wide and flat, covering a large part of the spine all the way to the sacrum. The latissimus dorsi (dorsal) muscle is located in the lower part of the trunk. This is the muscle that extends across the upper part of the trunk, and it helps to move the scapula. The learning process may be a bit confusing at times, so I recommend using your own separate sketchbook to take notes in your own time. However, with so many muscles in the human body, I have decided to only focus on the most important ones for when we draw.
I have taken the opportunity to study them all – where they are placed, their functions, their shapes. But in general, they are in charge of transforming the energy sent from the nervous system into movement. Each of them perform a specific function depending on where they are in the body. Muscles have the amazing characteristics of being able to bend, stretch and relax.
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